We performed the high-speed photometric observation of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 on April 22, May 26, and August 31, 2018 (UTC) with our Fast Optical Camera (FOC) installed on the Lijiang 2.4m telescope at Lijiang Station of Yunnan Observatories. We analyzed the frame time of the FOC, obtained the light curves and power spectra of the target and several comparison stars in the same field of view to investigate the photometric performance of FOC. The frame time corresponding to the full-frame and 1/4-frame CCD (Charge Coupled Device) modes reached (22.866 pm 0.679) milliseconds and (5.868 pm 0.169) milliseconds, respectively. We use the average light curve of several comparison stars to calibrate the raw light curves of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 to obtain the calibrated light curves of the target in which the influence of variable weather conditions and instrumental effects have been mostly eliminated. By comparing and analyzing the original and calibrated power spectra of MAXI J1820+070 and those of the comparison stars, we detected an optical quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at sim0.16Hz in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 in April 2018 and identified a few instrumental or atmospheric timing signals in the observations. This demonstrates the capability of our FOC in associating with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope for high-speed photometry.